Thursday, December 26, 2019

What Is a Cartilaginous Fish

Cartilaginous fish are fish that have a skeleton made of cartilage, rather than bone. All sharks, skates, and rays (e.g., the southern stingray) are cartilaginous fish. These fish all fall into the group of fish called the elasmobranchs. Characteristics of Cartilaginous Fish In addition to the difference in their skeletons, cartilaginous fish have gills that open to the ocean through slits, rather than the bony covering that is present in bony fish. Different shark species may have different numbers of gill slits. Cartilaginous fish may also breathe through spiracles, rather than gills. Spiracles are found on top of the heads of all rays and skates, and some sharks. These openings allow the fish to rest on the ocean bottom and draw oxygenated water in through the top of their head, allowing them to breathe without breathing in sand. A cartilaginous fishs skin is covered in placoid scales, or dermal denticles, tooth-like scales different from the flat scales (called ganoid, ctenoid or cycloid) found on bony fish. Classification of Cartilaginous Fish Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: Elasmobranchii Evolution of Cartilaginous Fish Where did cartilaginous fish come from, and when? According to fossil evidence (primarily based on shark teeth, which get preserved much more readily than any other part of a shark), the earliest sharks evolved about 400 million years ago. Modern sharks arrived starting around 35 million years ago, and megalodon, white sharks, and hammerheads came about 23 million years ago. Rays and skates have been around longer than us, but their fossil record dates back to about 150 million years ago, so they evolved well after the first sharks. Where Do Cartilaginous Fish Live? Cartilaginous fish live all around the world, in all kinds of water - from rays that inhabit shallow, sandy bottoms to sharks that live out in the deep, open ocean. What Do Cartilaginous Fish Eat? A cartilaginous fishs diet varies by species. Sharks are important apex predators and may eat fish and marine mammals such as seals and whales. Rays and skates, who primarily live on the ocean bottom, will eat other bottom-dwelling creatures, including marine invertebrates such as crabs, clams, oysters, and shrimp. Some huge cartilaginous fish, such as whale sharks, basking sharks, and manta rays, feed on tiny plankton. How Do Cartilaginous Fish Reproduce? All cartilaginous fish reproduce using internal fertilization. The male uses claspers to grasp the female, and then he releases sperm to fertilize the females oocytes. After that, reproduction can differ among sharks, skates, and rays. Sharks may lay eggs or give birth to live young, rays give birth to live young, and skates lay eggs that are deposited inside an egg case. In sharks and rays, the young may be nourished by a placenta, yolk sac, unfertilized egg capsules, or even by feeding on other young. Young skates are nourished by a yolk in the egg case. When cartilaginous fish are born, they look like miniature reproductions of adults. How Long Do Cartilaginous Fish Live? Some cartilaginous fish may live for up to 50-100 years. Examples of Cartilaginous Fish: Whale SharkBasking SharkGreat White SharkThresher SharksSkatesSouthern Stingray References: Canadian Shark Research Lab. 2007. Skates and Rays of Atlantic Canada: Reproduction. Canadian Shark Research Lab. Accessed September 12, 2011.Icthyology Department at FL Museum of Natural History. Shark Basics. Accessed September 27, 2011.Icthyology Department at FL Museum of Natural History.  Shark Biology Accessed September 27, 2011.Icthyology Department at FL Museum of Natural History.  Ray and Skate Biology Accessed September 27, 2011.Martin, R.A. Evolution of a Super Predator. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Accessed September 27, 2011.Murphy, D. 2005. More About Condricthyes: Sharks and Their Kin. Devonian Times. Accessed September 27, 2011.

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Critiques of Sara Rimer’s A Lost Moment Recaptured and...

Critique #1 Rimer’s â€Å"A Lost Moment Recaptured† (2000) provides readers with stories of women’s lives who have returned to college through Smith College’s Ada Comstock Scholars Program. These stories intertwine with evidence supporting the implied claim; the typical college student is no longer the 18 to 20 year old. Providing intimate details about the lives of these diverse women, Rimer leaves the reader admiring their triumph over gendered expectations of generations past by going back to college. Rimer hooks the reader immediately in the opening paragraph by describing a transforming moment in an older woman’s life. The woman was leaving her life and beginning anew; she was going back to college. The women in Rimer’s essay range in†¦show more content†¦Rimer advocates that older women were faced with negative attitudes of previous generations concerning the necessity of college attendance. This partnered with today’s flexible opportunities provided by women’s colleges tailored for these women have caused the recent influx of college students being women over the age of 30. This causal claim ties nicely to Rimer’s general evaluative claim: The typical college student is no longer 18 to 20 years old. Critique #2 Mosher’s â€Å"Where Have All the Heroes Gone?† (1998) questions the role sports athletes play in today’s society. Mosher takes the reader through the history of sport and its evolution in the United States. This lays the foundation to his evaluation that society should not expect someone to possess the characteristics of a hero simply because they are a sports athlete. Mosher attempts to draw the reader in to the essay by starting off with quotes from top box office movies The Natural and Bull Durham. Mosher assumes the readers have seen these movies about fictional sports heroes and their flaws; he is writing to his audience, the sports fan. He goes on to highlight poor character traits of sports celebrities by detailing some disturbing incidents they were involved in. Mosher assumes the reader is aware of the factuality of these instances; there is no supporting evidence. The phrase â€Å"celebrity is not fame† (para.6) is awkward. According to the Merriam-Webster

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Electronic Health Records

Question: Discuss the risk management issue, associated risk management implication, philosophy and culture, ethical or legal implication. Answer: The Risk Management Issue The electronic health records play a vital role in order to improve the safety of the patients. This in turn also decreases the exposure to the medical liability of the patients. However, the use of the electronic health records is creating a diversity of new risk management as well as issues related to the safety of the patients (Cresswell Sheikh, 2012). The world is transformed fundamentally by the digital technology that is the web-enabled devices have transformed the daily lives of the individuals and have changed their process of communication. The electronic health record is important in the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy as it helps to provide a faultless flow of information within the digital health care infrastructure. The Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy is a national professional organization of pharmacists, health care practitioners and others who enlarge and offer clinical, educational and business management services. As a result, the information is available wherever and whenever it is required (Bisbal, 2013). Regulatory Requirements A compliance risk management is decisive to the success of the regulatory compliance operation. A vigorous risk management program that is electronic health record will allow the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy to recognize the weaknesses in internal controls and systems. The regulatory requirement in this organization includes the risk assessment that helps to identify the possible risks. Risk remediation is also a part of the regulatory requirement that helps to develop a risk remediation work plan. The risk remediation work plan is a process that helps to determine the protectiveness of a remedial action and establish clean objectives (Lowell, 2016). Associated Risk Management Implication The associated risk management implication is the impact of the poor quality rating on the image of the organization. A poor quality rating will affect the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy in such a way that the organization will start facing problems in terms of profits and productivity. The productivity will be hampered, as the customers will avoid going to the pharmacy for the poor image. The dissatisfied customers are vocal in their criticisms as far as quality problems are concerned. An individual will prefer to go the pharmacy that will have a good quality image. This in turn will also lead to the lowering of the profit. Thus, focusing on the quality is always a team effort (Glendon et al., 2016). SWOT Analysis An organization implements an electronic health records in order to gain additional resources that is both human and financial resources. The electronic health record also helps the organization to collaborate with the nurses during the training phases. A SWOT Analysis needs to be constructed to assess the internal versus environment (Jensen et al., 2012). Strengths The famous organization such as the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy makes use of the electronic health records on a high interest. Weakness One of the major weaknesses is that it involves overuse or widespread use of the same volunteers. Opportunities It has the opportunity to influence the health information technology public policy that will be beneficial for Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy. Threats One of the major threats is that there is an increasing cost that is affecting the attendance in meetings. Resources or Strengths The resource as well as the strength of this organization is the workers. The risk management issue can be addressed with the day-to-day good behavior of the employees. Philosophy and Culture The philosophy and culture of the organization that relates to the safety of the patients is to empower its workers to serve the society. This can be done by making the use of sound principles of medication management. The culture also includes the strategies that will improve the health care for all. The philosophy is to monitor the safety and clinical efficiency of new medication in the market. The voluntary reporting can be encouraged by creating incentives in order to control the out-of-costs of patients. This will include the lowering of the copayments on general drugs as well as certain brands (Murad, 2014). Metrics Metrics are like a gauge. A metric that can be used to measure the risk management is the KRI. The KRI will help to determine the directions from the risks are coming. This in turn helps the organization. The deviation from the target can also be identified with the help of the metric (Fenton Bieman, 2014). Outcome Data According to the recent reports, the outcome is that the organization has been able to lead to a 24 percent reduction in the drug-related deaths. This will help to gain the confidence of the patients and will lead to the welfare of the organization. The increase in the welfare will in turn increase the profit of the pharmacy. Ethical or Legal Implication It has always been argued that an issue related to risk management that is the electronic health records needs to acknowledge several ethical and legal implication. Several risks take place due to the change in the living condition of the people. The organization needs to take care about the health and safety of its patients as well as the workers. The organization needs to act ethically, in order to manage the risk in a proper way (Pritchard PMP, 2014). References Bisbal, J. (2013). Electronic Health Record Systems. InEncyclopedia of Systems Biology(pp. 649-650). Springer New York. Cresswell, K., Sheikh, A. (2012). Electronic health record technology.JAMA,307(21), 2255-2255. Fenton, N., Bieman, J. (2014).Software metrics: a rigorous and practical approach. CRC Press. Glendon, A. I., Clarke, S., McKenna, E. (2016).Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Jensen, P. B., Jensen, L. J., Brunak, S. (2012). Mining electronic health records: towards better research applications and clinical care.Nature Reviews Genetics,13(6), 395-405. Lowell, R. (2016). COMPLIANCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT.Managing the Long-Term Care Facility: Practical Approaches to Providing Quality Care, 199. Murad, A. E. (2014, June). Michigan Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance: Why Voluntary Reporting Works. In2014 CSTE Annual Conference. Cste. Pritchard, C. L., PMP, P. R. (2014).Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press. Youngberg, B.J. (2011). Principles of risk management and patient safety. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Social Studies Sba on Alcohol Abuse Essay Example

Social Studies Sba on Alcohol Abuse Paper ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The successful completion of this study is as a result of the helping hands of numerous individuals. I thank the people of Community X for their massive cooperation in answering the questionnaires given. Also , to my friends, who helped with the distribution of the questionnaires and my family for the giving me the hope and strength to persevere. Lastly, much gratitude is extended to my teacher for guiding me in every step of the way throughout my investigations. Social studies SCHOOL BASED ASSESSEMENT (S. B. A. ) Statement of the Problem What are the causes, effects and solutions of the usage of alcohol amongst individuals of Community X? Method of Investigation I have chosen the questionnaire as a means of collecting data to carry out the survey. The questionnaire has numerous advantages which include the following: It is done at the convenience of the person completing it. Requires very little time to be completed. Guarantees confidentiality , since no names are required. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Studies Sba on Alcohol Abuse specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Studies Sba on Alcohol Abuse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Studies Sba on Alcohol Abuse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instrument used to collect Data Copy Of Questionnaire Survey of alcohol usage among individuals in Community X. Dear Villager, This is a survey being carried out in Community X to determine the level of alcohol usage among individuals in the community. This study I am currently pursuing, is conducted as an assignment for a Social Studies course. I advise you to answer the questions given, truthfully and honestly since you are not required to write names. There are no wrong or right answers as this is not a test. Most answers require a tick in the small boxes provided ; read the questions carefully. Villager’s Questionnaire 1. Sex Male Female 2. What is your occupation? ____________ 3. To what Ethnic group do you belong? African Descent Chinese Descent Indian Descent Mixed Descent 4. How long have you been a member of Community X? __________________ 5. To what age group do you belong? Under 12 12-14 15-16 17-19 6. As a youth, which of the following influences you to consume alcohol? Peer pressure For the fun of it Out of curiosity Depression 7. When do you often consume alcohol? Special Occasions Partying To gain popularity I do not drink alcohol 8. Do problems in the home contribute to students drinking alcohol? Yes No 9. What normally happens when you consume alcoholic beverages? I feel tipsy I feel normal I have headaches I do not drink alcohol 10. How do you think the students of Community X get alcoholic beverages? It is made available at community shops An older sibling/friend is asked to purchase it for them They steal it away They are given the consent 11. What is the most common effect caused by drinking? STD’s Being an alcoholic Having Heart disease Death 12. What effect does known cases of alcohol drinking in Community X, have on the rest of its population? ___________ . 13. How does alcohol consumption affect a student’s academic performance? They work less Nothing is done They work harder They give up on school 14. Do students who drink alcohol show signs of aggressive behaviour? Yes No 15. What do you suggest to your fellow community members who have already started to drink? Tone down their intake Drink responsibly Stop drinking Seek professional help 16. Should the age of consent for drinking be increased? Yes No 17. Do you think Rehabilitation Centers should be considered for alcoholics? Yes, but it will not be fully effective No, It will not help Let them suffer the consequences Have counsel sessions instead Presentation and Interpretation of Data [pic]Fig 1. The causes of alcohol consumption is simply represented in Fig 1; this figure briefly explains that 45% of the people in Community X consume alcoholic beverages for minor influences as the simple fun and njoyment that comes with the pleasures of drinking. One the other hand, 20% indicate that the partake of the activity as a result of Peer Pressure where individuals, mostly teenagers, drink because they either think it is â€Å"cool† or o prove a point. However, 30% population specified that they â€Å"drink† for the little curiosity of finding out what other individuals get, feel or benefit from it, this being. Mainly just experimenting the activity. A smaller 5% say they drink alcohol because of Depression because alcohol is known to somewhat relieve the stress that causes Depression. pic]Fig2 Whereby the effects of consuming Alcohol are concerned, almost half of the population indicate that no harm is done, as 55% of them feel normal after their intake of the substance. And so, this could be one of the reasons, the level of consumption in the community should be monitored. 5 % of them say they feel tipsy, an eerie felling, that may cause them to intake alcohol regularly. However, a few of them seem to be affected as 10% of the population state that they have headaches which may discourage them to do so. Another 10% indicate that they simply do not drink alcohol, mainly because of religion and other personal reasons. pic]Fig3 In order to manage the level of alcohol usage in Community X. Fig 3 shows that 70% of Its members indicate that the individuals who already drinking, should drink responsibly Suggesting that they should look at the consequences of whether it be becoming an alcoholic or getting drunk. Another 15% say they these individuals should simply tone down their intake of by drinking less of the substance. On the other hand, the remainder of the population , 15%, indicated more drastic measures to the solution. Fig 3 shows that 10% of them say people should just stop drinking while the other 5% believe they should seek professional help. These responses therefore can be interpreted as the respondents knowing someone who drink too much. Procedures Used to Collect Data Community X has an estimated number of 130 individuals; due to calculations, it was discovered that 15% of the population was needed in order to gather possible causes, effects, and solutions to the level of alcohol usage in the community. That is, ( 15% of 130 =20 ) Therefore, a total of 35 questionnaires were distributed with the expectation that at least 20 would be returned. Later, it was decided that the questionnaires be given to random personnel. This resulted in the recording of information on each individual on small pieces of paper, placed in a box, shaken and a total of 35 slips were selected. Therefore, 35 individuals received a copy of the questionnaire, were successfully completed and left in my mailbox 4 Hart Rd. Cheleston Gardens. Findings The survey carried out resulted in numerous interesting discoveries due to the level of alcohol usage in Community X. These state: Alcohol is consumed mainly through social activities where 70% of the individuals indicate that they partake of alcoholic beverages when â€Å"partying†. †¢ The most common effect known caused by drinking is neutral between 1. Becoming an alcoholic 2. Being sexually active at an early age. Which was I therefore observed that the questionnaires have revealed a 50-50% ratio. †¢ The individuals of Community X believe that in order for the level of alcohol be decreased, Rehabilitation Centers should be established. However, all 100% of the people who agree, stated that it will not be fully effective for the common reason that the alcoholics will not endure the necessary procedures that will be required. Recommendations The level of alcohol usage should not be taken lightly, as many young people in Community X are partaking of the activity when are far too young to be drinking. That said, I would recommend to this community that the decreasing level of alcohol us be accomplished through two simple objectives. These objectives include: ? Allowing adults of the community to take on leadership qualities whereby they look out for children who they see with alcoholic beverages and hinder them from consuming it. More specifically to shopkeepers, since in recent survey it is proven that most individuals especially children receive alcohol by the availability of such beverages in the community shops. Talk to individuals about drinking as little talks can do great things. There are people who are willing to listen. Parents will see to it that their children go to these sessions and ensure that they understand the dangers of drinking. Pie Chart Showing Causes Of Alcohol Consumption 20% 30% 5% 45% Peer Pressure Out of Curiosity Depression For the fun of it Chart Showing Effects of Alcohol Consumption In Community X. I feel tipsy 25% I have headaches 10% I feel normal 55% I do not drink alcohol 10% I feel tipsy I have headaches I feel normal I do not drink alcohol